Sequencing the genome of an Aboriginal Australian indicates that Aborigines diverged ~62,000-75,000 years ago from the gene pool shared by all living non-african humans, and represent a separate migration into Asia from the ancestors of modern Asians, which diverged from european ancestors ~25,000-38,000 years ago. The authors note that their data is consistent with Aboriginal Australians being the direct descendants from the first humans in Australia, dating to ~50,000 years B.P., suggesting that Aboriginal Australians likely have one of the oldest continuous population histories outside sub-Saharan Africa today.
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