Tagged: Nancy Smith-Hefner

Leisure and Consumption in Java’s Middle Class

Nancy Smith-Hefner The “new” Indonesian middle class emerged in the early 1980s in the context of New Order educational expansion, economic growth, and bureaucratic consolidation (Hill 1994; Robinson 1996; Tanter and Young 1990). Among specialists of Southeast Asia, however, questions emerge as to how to define this new Indonesian middle class. What, after all, is […]