Introduction

Peonies are known for their large and extravagant blooms. People often propagate them by division. But can you grow peonies from seed? We will provide steps on how to grow peony from seed.

Understanding Peony Seeds

1. What Do Peonies Seeds Look Like?

Peony seeds are shiny, dark purple to black. They have different shapes, from plump, wedge-like to oblong. Peony seeds are usually found within the fruit of the peony. Peony seeds develop after the flowers are pollinated.

Upon harvesting, you’ll notice a coating on the seeds. You need to scarify or break this coating to encourage germination. Peony seeds are not quick to sprout. Some may remain viable for years before they decide to grow.

2. Three Main Types of Peonies

Herbaceous peonies: The most common type, they die back in winter. Leave stumps above ground. These will regenerate the following spring.

Tree peonies: Woody shrubs that maintain their structure year-round. They often produce large and vibrantly colored blossoms.

Intersectional peonies (or Itoh peonies): A hybrid of the two main types. They offer the best of both in terms of hardiness and bloom strength.

Harvesting Peony Seeds

1. When to Harvest Peony Seeds?

Seeds are ready for harvest when the peony blooms have faded. The seed pods begin to dry and crack open. This typically occurs in late August to early September.

2. The Harvesting Process

When seed pods start to split, use scissors to cut the pod from the plant. Take care not to damage the seeds. Collect the pods in a paper bag. Leave them in a warm, dry space to finish drying.

3. Maturation Is Key

Ensure the seeds are fully matured before harvesting them or attempting to grow them. This means leaving the seed pods on the plant until the seeds inside have turned from white to a brownish-black color. For peonies, patience is definitely a virtue. The seeds may take a few months to mature.

When the time is right, each seed will be smooth, round, and firm. If the seeds are wrinkled, mushy, or damaged, they won’t germinate. So give them a gentle squeeze to test their vigor before storing them in a cool, dry place.

Preparing for Planting

1. Clean and Dry Peony Seeds

Before planting peonies from seed pods, you should clean and dry the seeds. Rinse them thoroughly to remove any pulp or debris. Then, laying them out to dry in a cool, dark place. Any excess moisture can lead to mold and seed rot, so drying is essential.

2. Stratification

Refrigeration Method: Place seeds in a moistened medium. For example, peat moss or a paper towel. Seal it in a plastic bag. Keep the bag in the refrigerator for about three months. Check occasionally for moisture levels and potential mold.

Outdoor Method: For the more daring gardener, outdoor stratification involves planting the seeds directly in the garden in the fall. The seeds will experience the cold temperatures required. But be mindful of animals that might disturb the soil.

3. Scarification for Better Germination

Peony seeds have a hard outer shell that can inhibit germination. Scarifying the seeds (making small nicks on the seed coat) can significantly improve germination rates. This can be done carefully with a sharp blade.  Soak the seeds in warm water for 24 hours.

How to Grow A Peony from Seed?

1. Soil Preparation

Peonies appreciate well-draining soil. So a mix of one part peat, one part perlite, and one part sterilized soil is an ideal combination. Ensure your soil is slightly acidic, with a pH level between 6.5 and 7.0. Use plastic garden pots with drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. Because peony seeds are particularly averse to.

2. Peony Planting Time

The best time to plant peony seeds is in late autumn or early winter. Take advantage of the natural cooling and expansion that this season brings.  These changes are necessary for breaking the seed dormancy.

2. How Deep to Plant Peony Seeds?

Planting tree peony seeds no deeper than twice their diameter. A half inch to one inch in a planting medium is sufficient. Peonies seedlings don’t appreciate competition. So space your seeds about 6 inches apart.

3. How to Germinate Peony Seeds?

After sowing peony seeds, water them lightly to settle them in. Cover the two gallon pot with a plastic bag. Maintain moisture and provide a stable environment for germination. Keep the containers at a temperature of around 40 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit. This simulates the cold stratification peony seeds require.

Caring for Peony Seedlings

1. Optimal Growing Conditions

Peonies prefer full sun but can tolerate partial shade. They’re not too picky about soil pH, as long as it’s well-draining. Check the moisture regularly. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.

2. Watering Seedlings

Peony seedlings are particularly sensitive to overwatering and damping off. It is a fungal disease that causes young seedlings to collapse and die. To prevent this, water from the bottom of the pot. Place it in a saucer of water. Allow the soil to soak up moisture.

3. Fertilizing Seedlings

When the seedlings have grown a bit and appear stronger, you can begin fertilizing. You can use a balanced fertilizer or compost tea. This encourages healthy root development and overall growth.

Transplanting Seedlings

1. When to Transplant Seedlings in Pots?

Seedlings will typically be ready for transplanting about six to eight weeks after germination. Look for roots starting to come out of the drainage holes at the bottom of the 3 gallon plastic pots. A larger pot with ample room is necessary.

2. Instructions for Transplanting Seedlings

Carefully slide the seedling out of its current pot, soil and all. If the roots are heavily compacted in the shape of the pot, gently tease them apart to encourage outward growth. Plant the seedling in its new container or garden bed at the same level it was before. Water the plant well to settle the soil around the roots.

3. Tips for Minimizing Transplant Shock

Keep the soil around the seedlings moist in the days leading up to the transplant. Try to transplant on a cloudy day or in the evening. This can minimize the shock from direct sunlight.

After transplanting, place the plants in a location with diffused light. You should also protect them from the wind. Water the transplants regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged.

Continued Care and Maintenance

1. Care for Young Peony Plants

The roots of peonies are sensitive to waterlogging. Water deeply but infrequently. Allow the soil to dry out between watering to avoid root rot.

Peonies are not heavy feeders. But an annual application of a balanced fertilizer in early spring can boost their growth and flowering potential.

Keep an eye out for pests and address any issues promptly. Organic pest control methods are often the safest for your plants and the environment.

2. Supporting Peony Growth

Large peony blooms can be heavy. Sometimes this may cause the plant to lean or break. Providing support can prevent this and maintain the plant’s aesthetics. For example, stakes.

3. Winter Protection

In cold climates, a layer of mulch around the base of your peony plant can protect it from the harshness of winter. This is especially important for young plants. They also retain soil moisture and deters weeds.

4. How Long Does It Take to Grow Peonies from Seed?

Growing peonies from seed may take about 3-5 years. Most peony seeds will sprout in the spring of the first season. But some may take a second year.

Conclusion

Now you know how to plant peonies from seed. The process may take longer than other propagation methods. But the reward is an unparalleled experience for you.