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Introduction<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n During Napoleon\u2019s reign and his attempt to take over Europe, German intellectuals saw the increasing importance in creating an economically, politically, and socially unified nation, independent from the other European countries. Thus, German Nationalism and the unification of the separate city-states within the country became increasingly more important to the country and its people. The arts deviated from the preceding conventions of the classical style as creativity, rebellion, and ingenuity became more important and Romanticism developed. Romanticism in Germany in the late eighteenth century to early 19th century contributed to the rise of German nationalism and helped its people feel proud of their country. General Overview<\/p>\n Thematic Sections<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Primary Sources<\/p>\n
\nThis guide will explore the evolution of German Nationalism in the 19th century as well as Romanticism in music and literature. First it will present German Nationalism and Romanticism as two different subjects, then it will show how Romantic works created a nationalist identity and how nationalism inspired Romantic works. Finally it will provide further sources to explore more Romantic music and German literature.<\/p>\n\n
\n<\/strong><\/strong>This textbook chapter provides a brief and simple definition of both \u201cnationalism\u201d and \u201cromanticism\u201d in the 19th<\/sup> century. It describes the creation of the terms and their relation to each other, stating that romanticism helped to create nationalism. Romanticism, a movement in all of Europe, took the previous conventions \u00a0and dismissed them, placing importance on emotion. However, in Germany, Romanticism had a nationalistic message as well. He discusses Herder\u2019s theory of the Volksgeist, which literally translates to \u201cnational spirit,\u201d and its focus on German Nationalism.
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\n<\/strong>Snyder writes about the beginnings of German Nationalism chronologically and thematically. He explores several different aspects of nationalism in the 19th<\/sup> century including cultural, political, and economical and discusses key figures such as Friedrich List the economist, the Grimm Brothers, Otto von Bismarck the statesman, and more. He shows how cultural, political, and other German intellectuals influenced the idea of Nationalism and how Nationalism has changed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n<\/strong>This Grove article provides an overview of Romantic music including the key composers and the advent of Romanticism.\u00a0 It explores the history of the term, the meaning, and the styles during this period. Because the term \u201cRomanticism\u201d was applied to the style far later than when the style actually developed, the roots of Romanticism in music remain fuzzy. Samson explores this issue explaining that Romanticism could have began as early as with Beethoven and even Mozart and Haydn, composers who many would consider belong to the classical era. \u00a0This article covers Romanticism all over Europe, but there is a large focus on Romanticism in Germany.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n
\n<\/strong>Kohn explores how German Romanticism directly influenced Nationalism after 1800 and how it opposed the movement before.\u00a0 He discusses key literary figures such as the poet Goethe whose poetry many composers of the Romantic era adapted in their compositions,\u00a0 Schlegel, Novalis, as well as political figures such as Herder and M\u00fcller. His article provides the non-German speaking reader a look into German literature and how it had such a large impact on German nationalism.<\/li>\n
\n<\/strong>Snyder discusses Grimm\u2019s Fairy Tales in a chapter in his book above, but this article provides a deeper look into the tales\u2019 emphasis on Nationalism and the controversial hints of anti-Semitism.\u00a0 Many of their tales derive from older folk tales and many of the characters show traits of the national character. The widespread distribution of these stories with the multiple translations greatly contributed to German Nationalism.<\/li>\n
\n<\/strong>John Daverio discusses key German composers of the Romantic era including Brahms, Weber, Schumann, and Strauss and German Romantic\u2019s literary influence on these composers. Writers such as Jean Paul, Goethe, E.T.A. Hoffman, and Schlegel influenced each of these composers alike and many composed pieces using their texts.\u00a0 Again, this acts as a useful tool to the non-German speaker in discovering how German literature and music enforced nationalism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n