![](\"\/guidedhistory\/files\/2013\/10\/Nazi-Book-Burning.jpg\" "\\"Nazi")
<\/a><\/h6>\n<\/a>http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/research\/research-in-collections\/search-the-collections\/bibliography\/1933-book-burnings<\/a><\/h6>\n<\/h6>\n
<\/p>\n
Print Sources<\/strong><\/h2>\nThe Jews: A History<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\nJohn M. Efron<\/p>\n
This is a general history of the Jewish people, from their beginnings in the ancient Middle East to contemporary Judaism. \u00a0Of note for this project is the chapter on the Holocaust, specifically the section titled “Phase I: The Jews in Nazi Germany (1933-1939).” \u00a0This section covers in brief the steps that Adolf Hitler took to persecute the Jews after taking power in 1933. \u00a0The Nazi-controlled government enacted prohibitive laws and public policies and began the “Nazification” of public institutions (e.g., making it difficult for Jewish doctors to practice and helping fill the medical community with party members). \u00a0The section concludes with a discussion of Kristallnacht<\/em> and the final\u00a0\u00a0actions against the Jews before the beginning of World War II in September 1939.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Hitler’s Ten-Year War on the Jews<\/em><\/h3>\nBoris Shub<\/p>\n
This book is of particular interest because it details the oppression and destruction of the Jewish people by Nazi Germany from a contemporary perspective: the book was published in 1943, before the conclusion of World War II and before the fullest extent of the atrocities of the Holocaust were known (and, in some cases, before they were even committed). \u00a0The section on Germany discusses the pre-Nazi Jewish population of Germany and their disappearance once the Nazis came to power, going from 564,379 in 1925 to an estimated 215,000 by September 1939 and the War’s beginning (and 5,000 by 1943, when the book was released). \u00a0It is important to realize that there was an idea internationally of what the Nazis were doing to the Jews even before the end of World War II–the book is an American publication from the American Jewish Conference. \u00a0The name Kristallnacht<\/em> is not even yet used: the book refers to the “Pogrom of November, 1938.” \u00a0The compilers of the book believed 3,000,000 Jews to have died in Europe by 1943.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Nazi Germany’s War Against the Jews<\/em><\/h3>\nSeymour Krieger<\/p>\n
This is another book from The American Jewish Conference. \u00a0This one is a retrospective on the Nazi crimes against the Jews of Europe, and the Nuremberg trials. \u00a0The book describes the various punitive measures that the Nazis took against the Jews, and then complies the verdicts of the trials. \u00a0Furthermore, the majority of the book is made up of documentary evidence of the Nazi’s persecution of the Jews collected for the Nuremberg trials. \u00a0This wealth of primary sources includes internal communications between Party members and other Nazi documents that track their actions of the years before and during World War II. \u00a0These documents and the book itself are valuable contemporary sources about the time, as the book was published in 1947, just after the trials took place and with the memory of World War II still fresh.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Documents on Nazism<\/em><\/h3>\nJeremy Noakes and Geoffery Pridham<\/p>\n
This book is a comprehensive examination of the Nazi regime, including both its domestic policies and ideology and its relations with other nations as it went to war. \u00a0Of particular interest are the sections on Nazi ideology and Nazi Antisemitism. \u00a0Hitler’s ideas aggrandized ideas about the German race informed his hatred of the Jews. \u00a0The book describes the desire to promote the German national identity, and how this manifested itself in xenophobic acts such as the burning of books. \u00a0In the section on Antisemitism, there are texts of laws that excluded Jews from German society, such as the Reich Citizenship Law (November 14, 1935) that precluded any Jew from being considered a citizen. \u00a0These primary sources show exactly what the Nazi leadership wanted in terms of repression of the Jews.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kristallnacht<\/em><\/h3>\nMartin Gilbert<\/p>\n
This book is on Kristallnacht<\/i>, the night in November 1938 when Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany were attacked and destroyed. \u00a0Ninety-one Jews were killed. \u00a0This book takes a narrative approach to the destruction, incorporating eyewitness accounts of the violence that occurred on the night of November 9 -10. \u00a0Included are photographs of the destruction across Germany and maps of Germany that demarcate where synagogues were burned.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kristallnacht<\/em><\/h3>\nAnthony Reed and David Fisher<\/p>\n
This is another book on Kristallnacht<\/em>. \u00a0It has primary accounts of the violence, as well as photographs of the events. \u00a0This book, however, focuses slightly more on the context, going into what triggered the violence and its effects afterwards. \u00a0The catalyst for the violence–the trigger that pushed the Nazis to instigate the organized violence of Kristallnacht<\/em>–was the shooting Ernst vom Rath, a German Diplomat in Paris, by Herschel Grynszpan, a seventeen-year-old Jew. \u00a0The book describes how the shooting took place and how the Nazis turned vom Rath into a “Nazi martyr.” \u00a0The also explores the international response–which included a disturbing amount of indifference.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Nazi Germany and the Jews: Volume I: The Years of Persecution, 1933-1939<\/em><\/h3>\nSaul Friedl\u00e4nder<\/p>\n
In this book,\u00a0Friedl\u00e4nder lays out the way that the Nazis treated the Jews as they rose to power and began exerting their control. \u00a0There is discussion of the “New Ghetto:” Jews began being moved to concentration camps and Jewish communities uprooted as early as the early thirties. \u00a0Friedl\u00e4nder also writes on the nature of the Antisemitism in prewar Germany. \u00a0The First World War and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia become significant events for the Nazis: they are evidence of the Jewish plot against Western Civilization. \u00a0The Antisemitism is through a Christian lens (Friedl\u00e4nder calls the section “Redemptive Antisemitism): Hitler made himself out to be almost a messianic figure. \u00a0In his persecution of the Jews, he is somehow vindicating and fulfilling Christ’s work (102).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
1938<\/em><\/h3>\nGiles MacDonogh<\/p>\n
This is an interesting book in that it is about a complete year in Nazi Germany. \u00a0MacDonogh considers 1938 to be the most important year of prewar Nazi Germany history (xi). \u00a0As far as the Jews are concerned, 1938 was the year of Kristallnacht<\/em>, but it was also when Germany began Germany began interning its Jews in large numbers. \u00a0MacDonogh notes that as many as 30,000 Jews were put into concentration camps in 1938 (4). \u00a01938 is also noted for the Munich Agreement, in which the leaders of Western Europe allowed \u00a0Nazi Germany to take Czechoslovakia in order to avoid a war which, by 1939, had became inevitable.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Nazi Germany<\/em><\/h3>\nJane Caplan<\/p>\n
This is a book on the Nazi regime in general. \u00a0Of particular interest is the section on “The Emergence of Nazi Ideology.” \u00a0Caplan writes on the history of the ideas that the Nazis used to take power. \u00a0Germany after World War I was a nation in need of unification. \u00a0Hitler capitalized on this to gain power. \u00a0He blamed the Jews for the bitter defeat of Germany in 1918, and sought to restore the unified patriotism that Germany had on entering the war. \u00a0He subscribed to the ‘stab-in-the-back’ idea of the Jews betraying Germany and causing German defeat (36). \u00a0Caplan also writes on the origins of Nazi Antisemitism, and the nineteenth century works that inspired Hitler’s ideas (33).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
The History of the Nazi Party: 1933-1939<\/em><\/h3>\nDietrich Orlow<\/p>\n
This book is another general history of the Nazi party. \u00a0Orlow discusses how the Nazis came to power. \u00a0He mentions how the Nazi boycott of Jewish goods and Jewish-run businesses was important for the Nazi’s economic revolution on coming to power in 1933 (42). \u00a0This book is less about how the Nazis viewed Jews and more about the formation and running of the party itself: itprovides a complexly detailed view of the rise of the Nazi Party (NSDAP).<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Dachau<\/p>\n
![](\"\/guidedhistory\/files\/2013\/10\/Dachau-300x229.jpg\" "\\"Dachau\\"")
<\/a>http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/media_ph.php?ModuleId=10005214&MediaId=751<\/a><\/h6>\n <\/p>\n
Online Sources<\/h2>\n“Jewish Responses to the Nazi Threat, 1933-1939: An Evaluation”<\/h3>\n
Abraham J. Edelheit<\/p>\n
This article explores the response to Nazi persecution against Jews internationally. \u00a0Specifically, it goes into why it failed. \u00a0Ultimately, there was not enough information reaching the international community in order to galvanize action. \u00a0Edelheit writes that major American publications such as the New York Times<\/em> and the Washington Post <\/i>failed to report or comment. \u00a0By the time the war started in 1939, coverage of threats against Judaism were drowned out. \u00a0This article articulates why the persecution of Jews in Germany was able to take place on the scale it did with little or no international response.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
“The Boston Jewish Community and the Rise of Nazism, 1933-1939”<\/h3>\n
Adam Wolfson<\/p>\n
Adam Wolfson explores the international response to Nazism as well: specifically, he looks at the response of the Jewish population of Boston. \u00a0On this smaller level, the response was more urgent (especially as it was a Jewish response). \u00a0Ultimately, however, it moved little beyond talk. \u00a0Their potential for action was limited. \u00a0Wolfson concludes that even if they had been able to help more, the fact that it was a Jewish response would have isolated German Jews even further in Germany. \u00a0While there was concern to help European Jews, the response as it existed was not enough to cause significant change.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
“The United States and the Persecution of the Jews in Germany, 1933-1939”<\/h3>\n
Sheldon Spear<\/p>\n
This article focuses on the response that the United States government had in regards to Jewish persecution in Germany. \u00a0Spear writes that the response was limited and, in retrospect, not nearly enough. \u00a0Groups such as the American Jewish Committee who had called for action in the thirties condemned the inaction of the American government in retrospect, as by 1943 it was clear that the Nazi regime was engaging in genocide against he Jews of Europe.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Destruction in Berlin after Kristallnacht<\/em><\/p>\n![](\"\/guidedhistory\/files\/2013\/10\/Kristallnacht.jpg\" "\\"Kristallnacht\\"")
<\/a>http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/research\/research-in-collections\/search-the-collections\/bibliography\/kristallnacht<\/a><\/p>\n <\/p>\n
<\/h6>\n
March 1933: Dachau, the first German concentration camp, opens<\/p>\n
April 1, 1933: Nazi-led boycott of Jewish products and businesses<\/p>\n
May 10, 1933: Nation-wide book burnings<\/p>\n
September 15, 1935: Anti-Jewish Nuremberg Laws enacted<\/p>\n
November 9-10, 1938: Kristallnacht<\/em><\/p>\nSeptember 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland; World War II begins<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\nBibliography<\/strong><\/p>\n
The Jews: A History<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n John M. Efron<\/p>\n This is a general history of the Jewish people, from their beginnings in the ancient Middle East to contemporary Judaism. \u00a0Of note for this project is the chapter on the Holocaust, specifically the section titled “Phase I: The Jews in Nazi Germany (1933-1939).” \u00a0This section covers in brief the steps that Adolf Hitler took to persecute the Jews after taking power in 1933. \u00a0The Nazi-controlled government enacted prohibitive laws and public policies and began the “Nazification” of public institutions (e.g., making it difficult for Jewish doctors to practice and helping fill the medical community with party members). \u00a0The section concludes with a discussion of Kristallnacht<\/em> and the final\u00a0\u00a0actions against the Jews before the beginning of World War II in September 1939.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Boris Shub<\/p>\n This book is of particular interest because it details the oppression and destruction of the Jewish people by Nazi Germany from a contemporary perspective: the book was published in 1943, before the conclusion of World War II and before the fullest extent of the atrocities of the Holocaust were known (and, in some cases, before they were even committed). \u00a0The section on Germany discusses the pre-Nazi Jewish population of Germany and their disappearance once the Nazis came to power, going from 564,379 in 1925 to an estimated 215,000 by September 1939 and the War’s beginning (and 5,000 by 1943, when the book was released). \u00a0It is important to realize that there was an idea internationally of what the Nazis were doing to the Jews even before the end of World War II–the book is an American publication from the American Jewish Conference. \u00a0The name Kristallnacht<\/em> is not even yet used: the book refers to the “Pogrom of November, 1938.” \u00a0The compilers of the book believed 3,000,000 Jews to have died in Europe by 1943.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Seymour Krieger<\/p>\n This is another book from The American Jewish Conference. \u00a0This one is a retrospective on the Nazi crimes against the Jews of Europe, and the Nuremberg trials. \u00a0The book describes the various punitive measures that the Nazis took against the Jews, and then complies the verdicts of the trials. \u00a0Furthermore, the majority of the book is made up of documentary evidence of the Nazi’s persecution of the Jews collected for the Nuremberg trials. \u00a0This wealth of primary sources includes internal communications between Party members and other Nazi documents that track their actions of the years before and during World War II. \u00a0These documents and the book itself are valuable contemporary sources about the time, as the book was published in 1947, just after the trials took place and with the memory of World War II still fresh.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Jeremy Noakes and Geoffery Pridham<\/p>\n This book is a comprehensive examination of the Nazi regime, including both its domestic policies and ideology and its relations with other nations as it went to war. \u00a0Of particular interest are the sections on Nazi ideology and Nazi Antisemitism. \u00a0Hitler’s ideas aggrandized ideas about the German race informed his hatred of the Jews. \u00a0The book describes the desire to promote the German national identity, and how this manifested itself in xenophobic acts such as the burning of books. \u00a0In the section on Antisemitism, there are texts of laws that excluded Jews from German society, such as the Reich Citizenship Law (November 14, 1935) that precluded any Jew from being considered a citizen. \u00a0These primary sources show exactly what the Nazi leadership wanted in terms of repression of the Jews.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Martin Gilbert<\/p>\n This book is on Kristallnacht<\/i>, the night in November 1938 when Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across Germany were attacked and destroyed. \u00a0Ninety-one Jews were killed. \u00a0This book takes a narrative approach to the destruction, incorporating eyewitness accounts of the violence that occurred on the night of November 9 -10. \u00a0Included are photographs of the destruction across Germany and maps of Germany that demarcate where synagogues were burned.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Anthony Reed and David Fisher<\/p>\n This is another book on Kristallnacht<\/em>. \u00a0It has primary accounts of the violence, as well as photographs of the events. \u00a0This book, however, focuses slightly more on the context, going into what triggered the violence and its effects afterwards. \u00a0The catalyst for the violence–the trigger that pushed the Nazis to instigate the organized violence of Kristallnacht<\/em>–was the shooting Ernst vom Rath, a German Diplomat in Paris, by Herschel Grynszpan, a seventeen-year-old Jew. \u00a0The book describes how the shooting took place and how the Nazis turned vom Rath into a “Nazi martyr.” \u00a0The also explores the international response–which included a disturbing amount of indifference.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Saul Friedl\u00e4nder<\/p>\n In this book,\u00a0Friedl\u00e4nder lays out the way that the Nazis treated the Jews as they rose to power and began exerting their control. \u00a0There is discussion of the “New Ghetto:” Jews began being moved to concentration camps and Jewish communities uprooted as early as the early thirties. \u00a0Friedl\u00e4nder also writes on the nature of the Antisemitism in prewar Germany. \u00a0The First World War and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia become significant events for the Nazis: they are evidence of the Jewish plot against Western Civilization. \u00a0The Antisemitism is through a Christian lens (Friedl\u00e4nder calls the section “Redemptive Antisemitism): Hitler made himself out to be almost a messianic figure. \u00a0In his persecution of the Jews, he is somehow vindicating and fulfilling Christ’s work (102).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Giles MacDonogh<\/p>\n This is an interesting book in that it is about a complete year in Nazi Germany. \u00a0MacDonogh considers 1938 to be the most important year of prewar Nazi Germany history (xi). \u00a0As far as the Jews are concerned, 1938 was the year of Kristallnacht<\/em>, but it was also when Germany began Germany began interning its Jews in large numbers. \u00a0MacDonogh notes that as many as 30,000 Jews were put into concentration camps in 1938 (4). \u00a01938 is also noted for the Munich Agreement, in which the leaders of Western Europe allowed \u00a0Nazi Germany to take Czechoslovakia in order to avoid a war which, by 1939, had became inevitable.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Jane Caplan<\/p>\n This is a book on the Nazi regime in general. \u00a0Of particular interest is the section on “The Emergence of Nazi Ideology.” \u00a0Caplan writes on the history of the ideas that the Nazis used to take power. \u00a0Germany after World War I was a nation in need of unification. \u00a0Hitler capitalized on this to gain power. \u00a0He blamed the Jews for the bitter defeat of Germany in 1918, and sought to restore the unified patriotism that Germany had on entering the war. \u00a0He subscribed to the ‘stab-in-the-back’ idea of the Jews betraying Germany and causing German defeat (36). \u00a0Caplan also writes on the origins of Nazi Antisemitism, and the nineteenth century works that inspired Hitler’s ideas (33).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Dietrich Orlow<\/p>\n This book is another general history of the Nazi party. \u00a0Orlow discusses how the Nazis came to power. \u00a0He mentions how the Nazi boycott of Jewish goods and Jewish-run businesses was important for the Nazi’s economic revolution on coming to power in 1933 (42). \u00a0This book is less about how the Nazis viewed Jews and more about the formation and running of the party itself: itprovides a complexly detailed view of the rise of the Nazi Party (NSDAP).<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Dachau<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Abraham J. Edelheit<\/p>\n This article explores the response to Nazi persecution against Jews internationally. \u00a0Specifically, it goes into why it failed. \u00a0Ultimately, there was not enough information reaching the international community in order to galvanize action. \u00a0Edelheit writes that major American publications such as the New York Times<\/em> and the Washington Post <\/i>failed to report or comment. \u00a0By the time the war started in 1939, coverage of threats against Judaism were drowned out. \u00a0This article articulates why the persecution of Jews in Germany was able to take place on the scale it did with little or no international response.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Adam Wolfson<\/p>\n Adam Wolfson explores the international response to Nazism as well: specifically, he looks at the response of the Jewish population of Boston. \u00a0On this smaller level, the response was more urgent (especially as it was a Jewish response). \u00a0Ultimately, however, it moved little beyond talk. \u00a0Their potential for action was limited. \u00a0Wolfson concludes that even if they had been able to help more, the fact that it was a Jewish response would have isolated German Jews even further in Germany. \u00a0While there was concern to help European Jews, the response as it existed was not enough to cause significant change.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Sheldon Spear<\/p>\n This article focuses on the response that the United States government had in regards to Jewish persecution in Germany. \u00a0Spear writes that the response was limited and, in retrospect, not nearly enough. \u00a0Groups such as the American Jewish Committee who had called for action in the thirties condemned the inaction of the American government in retrospect, as by 1943 it was clear that the Nazi regime was engaging in genocide against he Jews of Europe.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Destruction in Berlin after Kristallnacht<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n March 1933: Dachau, the first German concentration camp, opens<\/p>\n April 1, 1933: Nazi-led boycott of Jewish products and businesses<\/p>\n May 10, 1933: Nation-wide book burnings<\/p>\n September 15, 1935: Anti-Jewish Nuremberg Laws enacted<\/p>\n November 9-10, 1938: Kristallnacht<\/em><\/p>\n September 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland; World War II begins<\/p>\n Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\nHitler’s Ten-Year War on the Jews<\/em><\/h3>\n
Nazi Germany’s War Against the Jews<\/em><\/h3>\n
Documents on Nazism<\/em><\/h3>\n
Kristallnacht<\/em><\/h3>\n
Kristallnacht<\/em><\/h3>\n
Nazi Germany and the Jews: Volume I: The Years of Persecution, 1933-1939<\/em><\/h3>\n
1938<\/em><\/h3>\n
Nazi Germany<\/em><\/h3>\n
The History of the Nazi Party: 1933-1939<\/em><\/h3>\n
<\/a>http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/media_ph.php?ModuleId=10005214&MediaId=751<\/a><\/h6>\nOnline Sources<\/h2>\n
“Jewish Responses to the Nazi Threat, 1933-1939: An Evaluation”<\/h3>\n
“The Boston Jewish Community and the Rise of Nazism, 1933-1939”<\/h3>\n
“The United States and the Persecution of the Jews in Germany, 1933-1939”<\/h3>\n
<\/a>http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/research\/research-in-collections\/search-the-collections\/bibliography\/kristallnacht<\/a><\/p>\n<\/h6>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n