My paper will be about the use of Blood Libel and Ritual Murder in the Nazi Party in Germany. \u00a0The most prolific propagandist that used blood libel was Julius Streicher, so the research focuses on his work. \u00a0Because of the language translation, whenever ritual murder and ritualmord are used interchangeably.<\/p>\n
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Introduction:<\/strong><\/p>\n While the topic of blood libel and ritual murder was used in specific places and times throughout history, it was always a one-off event \u00a0and the people involved in large trials like Norwich, Trent, and Damascus were not involved in multiple trials in multiple places in a short span of time. \u00a0While this is the trend for most of the history of the blood libel accusation, the tide turns extremely during the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany. \u00a0One man, Julius Streicher, propagandized the idea of ritual murder, or ritualmord, and brings it to national consciousness. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Julius Streicher wrote often about ritualmord in the context of the Third Reich and the danger the Jewish population to the Aryan race. \u00a0This allows for many primary sources through the archive at Calvin College. \u00a0Books like The Pinnacle of Hatred by Darren O\u2019Brien are helpful in giving context to the works. <\/span><\/p>\n Julius Streicher\u2019s rise and fall in the Nazi party and his use of ritualmord brought the idea everywhere in the minds of people in Europe, from newspapers to movies and children\u2019s books.<\/span><\/p>\n Sections:<\/strong><\/p>\n History of Julius Streicher, the Nazi Party, and Ritualmord<\/em><\/p>\n Julius Streicher was one of the earliest members of the Nazi party. \u00a0He was involved in Hitler\u2019s failed Beer Hall Putsch and started gaining titles and responsibilities after Hitler\u2019s release from prison. \u00a0Streicher also served in the Bavarian Parliament. \u00a0While a member of the party, he independently published his newspaper, Der Stuermer, and also published children\u2019s books that were in line with the newspaper\u2019s anti-semitic nature.<\/span><\/p>\n After attempting to humiliate Hermann Goering at a Nazi gathering in 1938, Streicher was stripped of all of his titles and responsibilities. \u00a0Because Der Stuermer was not a Nazi publication, he continued publishing until the end of the war where he was found a war criminal and was executed in Nuremberg.<\/span><\/p>\n Newspapers and Pamphlets<\/em><\/p>\n Der Stuermer began publishing in 1926 and continued to publish until the end of World War II. \u00a0The most infamous special edition which is most useful to this paper is the special Ritual Murder issue which had a artwork cover of Jews collecting Christian blood. \u00a0It also alleged a full conspiracy of Jews to kill Christians and collect their blood for religious services. \u00a0This issue was published in 1936 and was eventually banned by the Nazi government because of the parallels Streicher drew between this ritual murder practice and the practice of Christians receiving communion.<\/span><\/p>\n Der Stuermer\u2019s Battle was a\u00a0pamphlet\u00a0that was distributed by Karl Holz to bring people to\u00a0understand the goals and message of Der Stuermer, hopefully bringing in new readers. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Warum Arierparagraph? Ein Beitrag Zur Judenfrage” was another pamphlet that was released to explain to the German people the laws that were being put into place that limited Jewish people in Germany.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Children’s Books<\/em><\/p>\n Der Giftpilz, or the Poisonous Mushroom, was a children\u2019s book published by Julius Streicher. \u00a0The aim of the book was to show children how dangerous Jews are to them. \u00a0The most relevant chapter in the book is about how Jews torture animals and that sometimes they can kill Christian men, women, and children as well. \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Der Ewige Jude<\/em><\/p>\n Der Ewige Jude was a Nazi propaganda movie chronicling the migration of the Jews (compared to diseased rats) from Palestine to other countries. \u00a0The film shows the spread of the Jewish infection that the Nazis believed was happening all over the world. \u00a0Along with the movie, the Nazis released a book of photographs that illustrated similar points. \u00a0There was also an exhibition of the same title organized by Julius Streicher that drew very large crowds in Germany.<\/p>\n Annotated Bibliography<\/em><\/p>\n Der Ewige Jude.<\/span><\/i> Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP. 1937. <\/span>http:\/\/www.bytwerk.com\/gpa\/diebow.htm<\/span><\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n Hiemer, Ernst. \u00a0Der Giftpilz<\/i>. \u00a0\u201cSo qu\u00e4len die Juden die Tiere.\u201d Nuremberg: St\u00fcrmerverlag, 1938. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ThePoisonousMushroom<\/a>.<\/p>\n “Robert Ley.\u201d <\/span>Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Online<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Robert-Ley<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n Rose, E.M. <\/span>The Murder of William of Norwich: The Origins of the Blood Libel in Medieval Europe<\/span><\/i>. \u00a0New York: <\/span>Oxford University Press<\/span><\/i>. 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n Schultz, Dr. E. H., and Dr. R. Frercks. \u201cWarum Arierparagraph? Ein Beitrag Zur Judenfrage.\u201d Verlag Neues Welt, 1934. <\/span>http:\/\/research.calvin.edu\/german-propaganda-archive\/arier.htm<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
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![http:\/\/research.calvin.edu\/german-propaganda-archive\/images\/sturmer\/dsrm34.jpg<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n\nThe cover of a special edition of Der Stuermer that dealt specifically with the idea of ritual murder by Jews of Christians. \u00a0The edition is one of the most famous of the many that were published in Germany between 1926 and 1945. <\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u201cDie Geheimpl\u00e4ne gegen Deutschland enth\u00fcllt.\u201d Der St\u00fcrmer<\/i>. Issue 27. Nuremberg: St\u00fcrmerverlag, July 1933. http:\/\/research.calvin.edu\/german-propaganda-archive\/ds6.htm<\/a>.<\/div>\n\nAn article from the Der Stuermer special edition about ritual murder that covers the threats that Jews pose to non-Jews and that the main action that should be taken against them is extermination.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nDer Ewige Jude.<\/span><\/i> Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP. 1937. <\/span>http:\/\/www.bytwerk.com\/gpa\/diebow.htm<\/span><\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\nA photo from the Book incarnation of Der Ewige Jude.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\nHippler, Fritz. <\/span>Der Ewige Jude<\/span><\/i>. Documentary, 1940. <\/span>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9DOI3FqCZJE<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\nFilm made about the \u201ceternal\u201d Jew cursed by God and that has been mistreated justifiably by other races. \u00a0The most famous scene compares Jews to infected rats who left Palestine to infect the rest of the world with their \u201csickness\u201d.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\nHiemer, Ernst. \u00a0Der Giftpilz<\/i>. \u00a0\u201cSo qu\u00e4len die Juden die Tiere.\u201d Nuremberg: St\u00fcrmerverlag, 1938. https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/ThePoisonousMushroom<\/a>.<\/p>\n\nA chapter from a children\u2019s book \u00a0called The Poison Mushroom or Toadstool, talking about the dangers of Jews. \u00a0This chapter specifically discusses the nature of Jews as having \u201cblood-lust\u201d and how they torture animals and on occasion will murder christians in ritual murder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\nHolz, Karl. \u201c<\/span>Des St\u00fcrmers Kampf<\/span>.\u201d <\/span>Nuremberg: St\u00fcrmerverlag, <\/span>1937. <\/span>http:\/\/research.calvin.edu\/german-propaganda-archive\/stuermerskampf.htm<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n\n A promotional pamphlet written by Karl Holz about the mission of Der Stuermer against the Jews. \u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u201cJulius Streicher: Biography.\u201d <\/span>Holocaust Encyclopedia<\/span><\/i>. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d. <\/span>http:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/wlc\/en\/article.php?ModuleId=10007316<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n\nAn overview of Julius Streicher’s life and work.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nLey, Robert. <\/span>Pesthauch Der Welt<\/span><\/i>. <\/span>Dresden: Franz M\u00fcller Verlag<\/span>, 1944. <\/span>http:\/\/research.calvin.edu\/german-propaganda-archive\/pesthauch.htm<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n\nA book written by Robert Ley, focusing on the “Pestilent Miasma of the World”, or the Jews. \u00a0The second chapter is an overview of the public perception of the myth of the Eternal Jew and the role it plays in the world.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nO\u2019Brien, Darren. The Pinnacle of Hatred: The Blood Libel and the Jews<\/i>. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University Magnes Press, 2011.<\/div>\n\nThe book covers not only the histories of blood libel and ritual murder, but it also covers the history of Nazi propaganda and it’s use of these tropes. \u00a0This book has been invaluable in my research and writing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n“Robert Ley.\u201d <\/span>Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica Online<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span>http:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Robert-Ley<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\nBackground information on Robert Ley who wrote Der Giftpilz<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nRose, E.M. <\/span>The Murder of William of Norwich: The Origins of the Blood Libel in Medieval Europe<\/span><\/i>. \u00a0New York: <\/span>Oxford University Press<\/span><\/i>. 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n\nUsed for background information on ritual murder<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nSchultz, Dr. E. H., and Dr. R. Frercks. \u201cWarum Arierparagraph? Ein Beitrag Zur Judenfrage.\u201d Verlag Neues Welt, 1934. <\/span>http:\/\/research.calvin.edu\/german-propaganda-archive\/arier.htm<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\nA pamphlet explaining the laws, reffered to as the Aryan Laws, that were put into place that restricted Jews.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\u201cThe Eternal Jew: The Film of a 2000-Year Rat Migration.\u201d <\/span>Unsere Wille Und Weg<\/span><\/i>. Issue 10. \u00a0pg 54-55. 1940. <\/span>http:\/\/research.calvin.edu\/german-propaganda-archive\/ewig.htm<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n\nAn article that came out in a magazine for Nazi propagandists after the release of Der Ewige Jude.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"by Natalie Armacost Topic: My paper will be about the use of Blood Libel and Ritual Murder in the Nazi Party in Germany. \u00a0The most prolific propagandist that used blood libel was Julius Streicher, so the research focuses on his work. \u00a0Because of the language translation, whenever ritual murder and ritualmord are used interchangeably. Introduction: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5996,"featured_media":0,"parent":261,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/guidedhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5837"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/guidedhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/guidedhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/guidedhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5996"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/guidedhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5837"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/guidedhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6333,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/guidedhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5837\/revisions\/6333"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/guidedhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/guidedhistory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}](\"http:\/\/research.calvin.edu\/german-propaganda-archive\/images\/sturmer\/dsrm34.jpg\"){kind=link}