{"id":89,"date":"2024-05-29T11:07:38","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T15:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/?page_id=89"},"modified":"2025-09-16T21:27:58","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T01:27:58","slug":"the-motherhood-penalty-from-the-homosexual-perspective","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/the-motherhood-penalty-from-the-homosexual-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"The Motherhood Penalty: From The Homosexual Perspective"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"\/jtkirk\/files\/2025\/09\/graduate-thesis-writing-sample-compressed.pdf\">(Download PDF)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">Childbearing suppresses heterosexual women\u2019s wage incomes and this &#8220;motherhood penalty&#8221; does not diminish over time. This study broadens the topic by comparing the motherhood penalty between mothers in heterosexual and same-sex relationships. Using the 2013 to 2015 American Community Survey data and the novel same-sex couple identifier, this study shows that women in same-sex relationships are not affected by changes in parental status. The null result implies that the perceived competence and normative discrimination plays an important part in compositing the penalty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Download PDF) Abstract Childbearing suppresses heterosexual women\u2019s wage incomes and this &#8220;motherhood penalty&#8221; does not diminish over time. This study broadens the topic by comparing the motherhood penalty between mothers in heterosexual and same-sex relationships. Using the 2013 to 2015 American Community Survey data and the novel same-sex couple identifier, this study shows that women &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/the-motherhood-penalty-from-the-homosexual-perspective\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The Motherhood Penalty: From The Homosexual Perspective<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9292,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/89"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9292"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/89\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":128,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/89\/revisions\/128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.bu.edu\/jtkirk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}