Health Impact- the Dubiousness of Infrasonic Harm

One of the most prevalent concerns regarding the possibility of wind turbines’ effect on human health is the phenomenon of infrasound. Though infrasound is by no means a unique product of turbines but rather a product of all machinery and natural forces such as the wind or ocean, the propagation of wind turbines has been associated with symptoms in proximate people which are debatably identified as the result of infrasound. Across the human range of hearing, the frequencies of roughly 20-20,000 Hz are typically heard at any volume. Infrasound, which is described as sound with frequency roughly less than 20 Hz, is too low for humans to feel unless its volume reaches high levels- 60-100 dB, somewhere between the volume of a coffee grinder to a moving truck (2). But though infrasound cannot usually be heard, an exceeding amount of data suggests that what you cannot hear can hurt you. At the same time, however, there are effective counterarguments which may just as easily disprove infrasound as a legitimate threat to human health. Because it seems equally likely that the discomfort and pain experienced by many in the vicinity of turbines is caused by infrasound as it is that they are psychosomatic, more research needs to be done on how infrasound affects humans before either perspective is embraced.

Threshold Sound Pressure at Various Frequencies (8)
10 Hz 12.5 Hz 16 Hz 20 Hz
Hearing Threshold 103 dB 95 dB 87 dB 79 dB
Perception Threshold 100 dB 92 dB 84 dB 76 dB

Though infrasound cannot be heard, it still exists and can affect people for what sound really is- vibration. Thus, though otherwise silent, infrasound is capable of moving internal organs to some degree, thus instigating nausea, and high volumes regardless of frequency can stimulate the fight-or-flight reaction, increasing heart rate and blood pressure (East Coast Research and Investigation of the Paranormal). Additionally, because lower-frequency air pressure pulses lose much less energy than higher frequencies of sound, infrasound is capable of causing walls to resonate thus entering houses which are insulated against audible noise. Because infrasound is usually masked by higher frequencies of sound, it is therefore possible for people to have relatively more exposure to infrasound while indoors (4).

There exists a plethora of studies which account for the symptoms observed. Robert Rand, a member of the Institute of Noise Control Engineering (INCE) and a technician with 30 years of experience, stumbled upon symptoms of the infamous “Wind Turbine Syndrome” himself. Having been asked to investigate the potential danger of wind turbines on a site in Maine, Rand and a colleague from the INCE both experienced “nausea, loss of appetite, headache, vertigo, dizziness, inability to concentrate, an overwhelming desire to get outside, and anxiety” upon entering a building near the turbine (1). Another example would be a survey conducted by Zhenhua Wang, a graduate student in Geography, Environment, and Population at the University of Adelaide, Australia.  The survey asked civilians living within 5 km of a wind farm whether or not they were negatively affected by the noise, and it yielded that 70% of them were, 50% being “very or moderately negatively affected.” Only 35% of the surveyers were actually opposed to wind energy, dissuading the possibility of psychosomatic influence (6). Furthermore, in line with the hypothesis that excessive infrasound can cause discomfort through the vibration of internal organs, people who have had wind turbines installed near their homes have reported a variety of symptoms which did not exist before the turbines’ installation. They feel internal pressure and have heart issues- as the average heartbeat is less than 1.25 Hz, a frequency within the range of infrasound itself, pervasive vibrations from excessive infrasound may be the cause (4).

Yet, there exist several convincing counterarguments as well. First, research shows that wind turbines are not quite as loud as some people believe. A widely accredited study in Denmark by Moller and Pederson revealed that houses beyond 1414 m, or 4600 ft, from 3 MW turbines receive 35 dB of sound. As the hearing/perception threshold for infrasound is about 70 dB, and because decibels work on a logarithmic scale, this means that houses a reasonable distance away from turbines do not receive levels of infrasound remotely close to levels at which they are believed to be felt (7). Also, prevalent symptoms thought to be caused by wind turbines, especially in Australia, are in fact naturally occurring. Roughly 29% of Australian adults have hypertension, though half of them are aware of it. Similarly, around 5% of Australian adults have insomnia- so, when they are diagnosed for the first time, civilians suffering from hypertension or insomnia will not attribute it to natural causes and will instead assume that it is the result of nearby wind turbines’ “notorious infrasound.” Similarly, the fear and panic spread by many anti-wind activists is likely to cause a “nocebo” effect, which is conjugate to the placebo effect- after being told to expect to acquire disease or symptoms, people will develop them. Perhaps most concerning about the argument that wind power’s infrasonic influence is detrimental to human health is the fallacious and misleading citations by its most well-known activists. Sarah Laurie, who never received a doctorate, is one such icon of the anti-wind movement. In one document, Laurie cited evidence that infrasound produced harmful effects in humans, and thus wind turbines were easily responsible for a multitude of symptoms. What she failed to mention is that the evidence applied to infrasound at extremely high volume- 125 dB or more- and that wind farms will emit at most about 65 dB in their direct vicinity and less over a distance. Nina Pierpont, the New York Pediatrician who coined the term “Wind Turbine Syndrome,” misquotes a study by Todd et al published in the journal Neuroscience Letters as a foundational support in her argument- “The very low [noise] thresholds we found ar remarkable as they suggest that humans possess a frog- or fish-like sensory mechanism which appears to exceed the cochlea for detection of substrate-borne low-frequency vibration and which until now has not been properly recognised.” The actual study does not pertain to “noise,” which Nina Pierpont inserts, but rather substrate-borne vibration, and though the author has publicly responded to this quotation with the statement that his research shows no evidence that hypothesized acoustico-physiological mechanisms are caused by the sound of turbines, she continues to misuse the quotation (9). If the scientists arguing for the harmful effects of infrasound are not credible, so too is their argument.

Currently, there is not enough research on the effects of infrasound on humans to classify turbines as harmful or harmless. Studies by scientists such as K Persson Waye of Alborg University, Denmark, conclude that “present studies are not conclusive with regard to objectively measured effects,” because mechanisms and models need to be developed to control varying factors in infrasound exposure (5). This must be dealt with- even the Department of Environmental Protection does not test for infrasound when deeming institutions safe because their policy is not defined to cover anything but audible sound (3). Once this policy is changed, and proper research is conducted, the nature of wind turbines will actually become clear- the truth must be found before any action can be taken.

Works Cited

  1. Lloyd, Graham. The Australian. “What you can’t hear can hurt you.” January 25, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/what-you-cant-hear-can-hurt-you/story-e6frg6z6-1226252801681
  2. Author unknown. East Coast Research and Investigation of the Paranormal. “Infrasound. Date unknown. Retrieved November 28, 2012. http://www.eastcoastrip.org/did-you-know/infrasound
  3. Wittenberg, Ariel. South Coast Today. “Infrasound remains controversial, mysterious.” July 1, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012. http://www.southcoasttoday.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20120701/NEWS/207010342
  4. Post, Willem. The Energy Collective. “On Wind Turbine Noise and Air Pressure Pulses.” May 7, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012. http://theenergycollective.com/willem-post/84293/wind-turbine-noise-and-air-pressure-pulses
  5. Waye, K Persson. Noise & Health. “Effects of Low Frequency Noise on Sleep.” 2004. Retrieved November 29, 2012. http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2004;volume=6;issue=23;spage=87;epage=91;aulast=Waye
  6. Zhenhua, Wang. National Wind Watch. “Evaluation of Wind Farm Noise Policies in South Australia: a Case Study of Waterloo Wind Farm.” February 29, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2012. http://www.wind-watch.org/documents/evaluation-of-wind-farm-noise-policies-in-south-australia/
  7. Author unknown. The Acoustic Ecology Institute. “Recent research on low frequency noise from wind turbines.” December 31, 2011. Retrieved November 27, 2012. http://aeinews.org/archives/1711
  8. Author Unknown. Bavarian State Office for Environment, Bavarian State Office for Health and Food Safety. “Windkraftanlagen – Beeinträchtigt Infraschall die Gesundheit?” Date unknown. Retrieved November 27, 2012. http://www.lfu.bayern.de/umweltwissen/doc/uw_117_windkraftanlagen_infraschall_gesundheit.pdf
  9. Chapman, Simon. Reason Australia. “Is ‘Wind Turbine Syndrome’ Mass Hysteria?” Date unknown. Retrieved November 29, 2012. http://www.reasonaustralia.org/news/articles/216-is-wind-turbine-syndrome-mass-hysteria

 

173 Comments

sgrace posted on December 10, 2012 at 2:24 pm

Small typo in the stated hearing range. It should say : 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

fcl posted on December 10, 2012 at 5:11 pm

Oops… it’s correct now.

moved here posted on May 11, 2013 at 1:59 pm

I have seen that today, more and more people will be attracted to camcorders and the industry of taking pictures. However, as a photographer, you will need to first commit so much time deciding the exact model of camera to buy plus moving from store to store just so you may buy the cheapest camera of the brand you have decided to settle on. But it isn’t going to end generally there. You also have to take into account whether you should buy a digital photographic camera extended warranty. Thx for the good points I received from your blog.

fcl posted on May 24, 2013 at 11:23 am

I am pleasantly confused by this comment because while I wrote my post many moons ago I am reasonably certain that it was not about photography. I assume you mean that my post shared wisdom on the value of making an educated decision. At any rate, I’m glad to have helped you through analogy. Good luck grappling with the conundrums of photography!

funny post posted on May 24, 2013 at 7:54 am

Wonderful site you have here but I was curious about if you knew of any discussion boards that cover the same topics talked about here? I’d really like to be a part of community where I can get feedback from other experienced people that share the same interest. If you have any recommendations, please let me know. Appreciate it!

fcl posted on May 24, 2013 at 11:15 am

I wrote this blog post as a rather contrived form of paper for a BU freshman seminar. I believe I remember finding a true blog of intelligent (or seemingly intelligent) wind power scholars. A post on that blog was one of my sources: I’ll find it for you later today (I’m typing on an iPod right now and am somewhat preoccupied).

Bodrum Rent A Car posted on June 10, 2022 at 11:35 am

Wind turbines emit noise, including low-frequency noise, which decreases incrementally with increases in distance from the wind turbines. Likewise, evidence of a dose-response relationship between wind turbine noise linked to noise annoyance, sleep disturbance and possibly even psychological distress was present in the literature. Currently, there is no further existing statistically-significant evidence indicating any association between wind turbine noise exposure and tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo or headache.

bodrum havalimanı araç kiralama posted on October 21, 2022 at 4:50 pm

Exposure to wind turbines does seem to increase the risk of annoyance and self-reported sleep disturbance in a dose-response relationship. There appears, though, to be a tolerable level of around LAeq of 35 dB. Of the many other claimed health effects of wind turbine noise exposure reported in the literature, however, no conclusive evidence could be found. Future studies should focus on investigations aimed at objectively demonstrating whether or not measureable health-related outcomes can be proven to fluctuate depending on exposure to wind turbines.

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taş duvar kaplama iç veya dış mekanlarda duvar yüzeylerini dekore etmek ve korumak için kullanılan bir malzeme ve tasarım yöntemidir. Bu kaplama, genellikle doğal taş veya suni taş panelleri kullanılarak yapılır.

Mıcır fiyatları posted on May 15, 2024 at 4:41 pm

Mıcır fiyatları için deva maden web sitesine giriş yapabilirsiniz.

Ticaret avukatı posted on May 26, 2024 at 3:15 pm

Ticaret avukatı arıyorsanız detaylar burada sizleri bekliyor.

Yeminli tercüme posted on June 9, 2024 at 12:48 pm

Sizler de hemen yeminli tercüman ile iletişime geçebilirsiniz.

Kelebek vana posted on June 14, 2024 at 11:09 am

Hemen kelebek vana alabilirsiniz sizler de.

Türgev posted on June 24, 2024 at 10:46 am

Sizler de hemen Türgev ile kurban bağışı yapabilirsiniz.

instagram profil fotoğrafı büyütme posted on June 29, 2024 at 4:13 pm

PP foto büyütme konusunda bayigram.com sizlerle.

Tiny house posted on July 4, 2024 at 4:39 am

Bir tık uzağınızda sun tiny house modelleri sizleri bekliyor.

kurban bağışı posted on July 6, 2024 at 12:33 pm

Kurban, ibadeti Allah’ın (c.c) biz kullarına katından sayısız lütuflar bahşettiği eşsiz bir ibadettir. Hz. İbrahim (a.s) ın sadakati ve Hz. İsmail’in teslimiyetini bize anlatan bir ibadettir. Duaeli Derneği yıl boyunca kesmiş olduğunuz adak, akika ve şükür kurbanlarınız ile vacip kurban bağışlarınız ihtiyaç sahiplerine ulaştırıyor.

Vip araç kiralama posted on July 7, 2024 at 9:47 am

Vip araç kiralama konusunda viparackiralama.com.tr sizlerle.

Laptop alan yerler posted on July 8, 2024 at 6:21 am

Bozkır bilişim laptop alanlar arasında yer alıyor.

Elektrikli bisiklet kiti posted on July 8, 2024 at 3:57 pm

Elektirkli bisiklet kitleri sizleri bekliyor.

kurban bağışı posted on July 9, 2024 at 4:29 am

kurban bağışı

Kurban bağışı posted on July 19, 2024 at 12:24 pm

Kurban bağışı konusunda huzur derneği sizleri bekliyor.

Kartal evden eve nakliyat posted on July 21, 2024 at 3:59 pm

Sizler de hemen Kartal evden eve nakliyat hizmeti alabilirsiniz.

DMC in Turkey posted on July 24, 2024 at 6:06 pm

Very good post thank u.

Tulum peyniri posted on July 28, 2024 at 7:45 am

Sizler de hemen tulum peyniri alabilirsiniz.

Mind flow posted on July 30, 2024 at 5:28 pm

Good post thank u

Tiny House posted on August 8, 2024 at 6:57 am

A Revenue Manager’s Point of View on Hospitals: A Mismatch with Tiny Houses
There seems to be a disconnect between the concept of a revenue manager in hospitals and the idea of tiny houses.

hemoroidklinik posted on August 9, 2024 at 7:54 am

Hemoroid Tedavisi

Tüp mide ameliyatı posted on August 11, 2024 at 4:45 pm

Tüp mide ameliyatı için hemen siteye giriş yapabilirsiniz.

medikal giyim posted on August 14, 2024 at 10:29 am

medikal giyim adrrsind devam

bodrum rent a car posted on August 14, 2024 at 10:39 am

bodrum rent adresi

jowe kozmetik posted on August 14, 2024 at 10:44 am

kirpik serumu

İzmir Boyacı posted on August 25, 2024 at 1:19 pm

İzmir boyacı ustası olarak, kaliteli ve titiz işçilikle evlerinizi yeniliyoruz. Boyacı İzmir izmirboyaci.net sitemizde sizi bekliyoruz.

dsf posted on August 25, 2024 at 1:21 pm

Hemoroid Tedavisi

Altın alım posted on August 30, 2024 at 4:55 pm

Altın alım ve satım konularında detaylar sizlerle.

Güneş paneli posted on August 31, 2024 at 2:13 pm

Sizler de güneş paneli konusunda sunecoyu tercih edebilirsiniz.

manga oku posted on September 17, 2024 at 10:25 am

Güncel manga okuma sitesi

Su kontrası posted on September 21, 2024 at 9:01 am

Su kontrası ürünleri için ege kontrplak ile iletişime geçiniz.

Medisa OSGB posted on September 28, 2024 at 6:35 pm

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği konusunda daha fazla bilgi almak isteyenler Medisa OSGB’yi ziyaret etmeli

ihracat müşteri bulma posted on October 7, 2024 at 9:10 am

İhracat müşteri bulma hizmetleri konusunda detaylar sizlerle.

kurban bağışı posted on October 9, 2024 at 6:10 am

Gülistan Derneği güvenilir bağış yapabileceğiniz derneklerden biridir. Sizde Adak, Akika, Sadaka, Şifa, Nafile Kurban Bağışı yaparak ihtiyaç sahiplerine güvenilir bir şekilde yardım edebilirsiniz. Kesim sonrası Videolar sizlere ulaştırılmaktadır.

kadıköy implant posted on October 9, 2024 at 6:23 am

Kadıköy implant için Kadıköy diş klinikleri uzman diş hekimleri ile hizmet veriyor. İmplant tedavisinde yerli implantlar tercih edilebildiği gibi İsveç, Alman ve İsviçre implantları da yaygın. Kadıköy diş hastaneleri, implant tedavisi ve diğer diş sağlığı hizmetleri ile öne çıkıyor.

kadıköy diş kliniği posted on October 9, 2024 at 6:26 am

Kadıköy implant için Kadıköy diş klinikleri uzman diş hekimleri ile hizmet veriyor. İmplant tedavisinde yerli implantlar tercih edilebildiği gibi İsveç, Alman ve İsviçre implantları da yaygın. Kadıköy diş hastaneleri, implant tedavisi ve diğer diş sağlığı hizmetleri ile öne çıkıyor.

Volgers kopen posted on October 10, 2024 at 9:21 am

Very good post friend thank you.

istanbul kurban bağışı posted on October 20, 2024 at 4:55 pm

istanbul kurban bağışı, adak kurban bağışı

Marble sinks posted on October 25, 2024 at 8:15 am

I like post thank you.

Şehirler arası nakliyat posted on October 26, 2024 at 3:08 pm

Şehirler arası nakliyat için evdema express nakliyat firması

adak kurbanı posted on October 29, 2024 at 12:06 pm

Diversity Derneği adak kurbanı bağışınızı Afrika’daki ihtiyaç sahiplerine ulaştırıyor. Bağışınızı derneğin web sitesi üzerinden kolaylıkla yapabilirsiniz.

Küçükçekmece avukat posted on November 6, 2024 at 3:26 am

Yağmur Atalay Küçükçekemce avukatlık bürosu

Obesity surgery Antalya posted on November 8, 2024 at 5:47 am

Very good sharing thank you.

Dış ticaret istihbarat posted on November 9, 2024 at 6:25 am

I like post thank you.

Küçükçekemce avukat posted on November 12, 2024 at 4:29 pm

Good sharing thank u.

Tahta kurusu ilaçlama posted on November 19, 2024 at 4:22 pm

Tahta kurusu ilaçlama hizmetleri

Bakırköy avukat posted on November 20, 2024 at 5:58 am

Bakırköy avukat konusunda detaylara site aracılığıyla ulaşabilirsiniz.

elbise posted on November 20, 2024 at 7:55 am

armut tipi bir vücudunuz varsa, belinizi vurgulayan ve alt bölgeyi dengeleyen elbise modelleri tercih edebilirsiniz. Kum saati tipine sahipseniz, vücudunuzun kıvrımlarını öne çıkaran dar kesimli kadın elbiseleriyle göz kamaştırabilirsiniz.

Hüseyin Baaşran posted on November 21, 2024 at 7:41 am

Hüseyin Başaran İzmir’li iş insanıdır.

elbise posted on November 22, 2024 at 9:42 am

Giyinmek sadece bir ihtiyaç değil, aynı zamanda kendinizi ifade etmenin en güçlü yollarından biridir. Kadın kazak ve elbise modelleri, günlük yaşamdan özel davetlere kadar her anınıza şıklık katmanın en keyifli yoludur.

Beylikdüzü psikolog posted on November 25, 2024 at 5:35 am

Mida psikoloji Beylikdüzü psikolojik danışmanlık hizmetleri.

Haber yazılımı posted on November 27, 2024 at 5:48 am

Haber yazılımları bir tık uzağınızda sizlerle.

Dijital baskılı kumaş posted on November 30, 2024 at 2:44 pm

Decofavda dijital baskılı kumaş çeşitleri sizlerle.

Aeratör posted on December 1, 2024 at 5:49 am

Hemen aeratör için giriş yapabilirsiniz.

Függöny posted on December 2, 2024 at 5:28 am

Very good sharing friend thank u.

Halka Arz posted on December 4, 2024 at 6:03 am

Halka arz olacak sitelerle ilgili güncel içerikler

Emrah Dede posted on December 6, 2024 at 4:36 pm

SMM engineer is the leader in the industry that they are the cheapest yet the oldest company you ever seen in SMM panel field. Visit their website here

Joiners Larbert posted on December 14, 2024 at 6:41 am

Joiners Larbert: Craftsmanship for Modern Living Kinnaird, a vibrant and modern neighborhood in Larbert, is home to a thriving community of skilled joiners and carpenters.

These professionals provide essential services to enhance the functionality and aesthetic appeal of residential and commercial spaces in the area.

Bespoke Carpentry for Modern Homes

The homes in Kinnaird often feature contemporary designs, and joiners cater to this by offering custom carpentry solutions that align with modern tastes. Whether crafting fitted wardrobes, shelving units, or bespoke furniture, they deliver precision-engineered pieces tailored to clients’ needs.

Their work often blends functionality with sleek aesthetics, making them an integral part of Kinnaird’s design landscape.

Büyük beden elbise posted on December 19, 2024 at 7:00 am

Sizler de büyük beden elbiseleri elbise bul ile alabilirsiniz.

Sentez posted on December 22, 2024 at 6:15 am

Sizler de sentez ürünlerini numozzo ile alabilirsinixz.

Kollu bariyer posted on December 22, 2024 at 3:24 pm

Kollu bariyer sistemlerini çözüm argede bulabilirsiniz.

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