Your typical locust

We have all heard the infamous story from Exodus in the Bible were the Egyptians suffered ten plagues, each deadlier than the last. The eighth plague condemned to them was a swarm of locust so large that it prevented the Sun’s rays from passing through. Yet today many questions arise concerning swarms, not only of ancient times but of the future. Like all studies that delve into new concepts, we must start at the very beginning and work our way up to the more difficult questions of “why?” Before we discuss the entire swarm, we must look to each member and understand them individually.

So what exactly is a locust? Well the short answer is that a locust is a bug, one very similar to a grasshopper. They generally live a solitary lifestyle and only survive for a couple of months. These creatures only weigh about two grams and aren’t much bigger than a typical paperclip.

Small but destructive

So far it is sounding exactly like your typical grasshopper right? So what actually makes a locust a locust? Every locust has a behavioral phase unlike that of a grasshopper known as the gregarious phase. This explains the “swarms” that appear when certain environmental conditions are occurring. One specific kind of locust (the desert locust) is known for destroying vast amounts of crops and threatening famine which in turn threatens the local economy and in some cases the global economy. These locust swarms can be as widespread as 460 square miles. There are roughly 40–80 million individual bugs per pack, with each pack occupying about a half square mile.

Game character from Gears of War. Called "locust drone", based on real locust behavior

As I mentioned before, these creatures are only about the size of a paperclip, but each locust can eat its own body weight daily and when you are in swarms of over 40 million that weight adds up quickly. A swarm of the aforementioned sizes would roughly eat 423 million pounds a day, which would be devastating to a place such as a desert where plant life is scarce to begin with.

Areas that locust occupy

Now that we have a basic understanding of these field devouring bugs, let’s look into why normally shy creatures swarm. A combined study by three different universities, (Oxford, Cambridge and Sydney) has found large amounts of the hormone serotonin in the locust’s nerves. They were found in the middle section which controls the legs and wings. But what actually triggers this hormone?

The study found that large amounts of rainfall would cause the population of locusts to grow rapidly. However, if an extreme dry period followed the wet period then the population would be forced to share minimal amounts of food and be in confined spaces. This forced normally solitary creatures to interact and be near others. The hormone drives the locusts to eat and when all the resources available are depleted they swarm, searching for new food to eat so they survive. It has also been found that swarming Locusts have 30% larger brains. This allows them to focus on the necessary activities for swarming. Check out this Youtube video for a better understanding on what physically triggers swarming behavior.

So let’s recap everything.

• Locust are normally solitary creatures
• They have serotonin (like most living creatures)
• If this hormone is triggered (by being rubbed other locusts under crowded conditions) locust swarm
• Together they can destroy economies and cause massive feminine but are otherwise harmless to humans

Scientists hope to be able to prevent swarms of locust in the future with this new information. They believe they can follow weather patterns, predict when locusts are going to swarm and respond in time by introducing a chemical into the area that would reverse the serotonin reaction occurring in the locusts. In the event that this did happen, the economy could be saved from a disaster, a disaster caused by a bug that is only the size of a paperclip.

Sources

1. Why Locusts Swarm
2. Locusts
3. Swarming Locusts Need Larger Brains

Images:

1. Gears of war picture
2. Typical Locust
3. Map
4. Paperclip