Message from the Managing Director

Dear Reader,

The recent award by a jury of over $1 billion to Apple Computer from Samsung points to the value of Intellectual Property (IP) in today’s economy. In fact IP Policy is now central to Innovation Policy in many industries. It also points to the drawbacks of one-size-fits-all patent system that provides a 20-year monopoly equally to a software design patent or a pharmaceutical therapeutic. Nonetheless this is the system prevalent across the world and it has worked brilliantly in encouraging inventions from industry and research universities.

A few statistics to frame the opportunity[1]:

  • Demand for patents has risen from 800,000 applications worldwide in the early 1980s to 1.8 million in 2009.
  • Trademark applications worldwide increased from 1 million per year in the mid-1980s to 3.3 million in 2009.
  • Industrial design applications worldwide more than doubled from about 290,000 in 2000 to 640,000 in 2009.
  • International royalty and licensing fee (RLF) receipts increased from $2.8 billion in 1970 to $27 billion in 1990 and to approximately $180 billion in 2009 – outpacing growth in global GDP.
  • Massachusetts is #2 behind Delaware for the patents per capita and is #2 behind California for patents filed by universities.
  • University share of global patents has increased from 4% in 1990 to 6% in 2010.
  • Israel, the Republic of Korea, the US, and the Nordic countries have the highest levels of investment in knowledge per GDP in 2008.
  • Many patent offices have seen growing backlogs of pending applications as patent filings become more complex. In 2010, the number of unprocessed applications worldwide stood at 5.17 million.

BU OTD follows good Business Principles in patenting and licensing (http://www.bu.edu/otd/thought-leadership/business-principles/), including as a signatory of the Nine Points to Consider in Licensing University Technology. Our primary objective is to see BU Intellectual Property created by research faculty be reduced to practice for the benefit of mankind. Our secondary objective is to generate royalties for research faculty and the university. We do enforce our patents if non-licensees are infringing them. Several of our patents have been hugely instrumental in benefiting mankind:

  • Ted Moustakas: Blue LED patents licensed to Cree, Nichia, Osram, Phillips, etc.
  • Jack Murphy: ONTAK oncology therapeutic licensed to Eisai
  • Charles Cantor: Pre-Natal DNA test licensed to Sequenom
  • Russell Giordano: Dental Implant dynamic ceramic material licensed to Vita Zahnfabrik
  • David Salant: Anti-PLA2R Antibody (to cure membranous nephropathy kidney disease) licensed to EuroImmune

[1] World Intellectual Property Organization

Tech, Drugs, and Rock n’ Roll

On July 15th, 2014, the Office of Technology Development at Boston University will host its fifth annual technology networking event entitled, Tech, Drugs, and Rock n’ Roll (TDRR), from 4-8pm in the Metcalf Ballroom of the George Sherman Union.

TDRR is a networking event designed to connect scientists and engineers with entrepreneurs, investors, and innovators. The event will showcase emerging technologies from Boston University’s research programs in the fields of life sciences, physical sciences, medical technology, new ventures, and student-based ventures. The event will also include participation from key translational research centers including the Clinical and Translational Science InstitutePhotonics Center, Fraunhofer Center for Manufacturing Innovation, and Wallace H. Coulter Foundation.

The event prides itself on finding a great band every year to provide lively music and create a relaxed atmosphere for networking. This year, TDRR welcomes the musical talents of Poor Old Shine, a band who specializes in alternative Americana music.

The Boston University Provost, Jean Morrison, will also be attending to announce the recipient of this year’s Innovator of the Year Award. This award seeks to highlight translational research at Boston University by recognizing an entrepreneurial faculty member who translates their world-class research into inventions and innovations that benefit humankind.

The sponsors of this year’s Tech, Drugs, and Rock n’ Roll event are Sanofi, Shore Chan, Pfizer, and Wolf Greenfield. They will all be joining us at the event to celebrate innovation in a high-energy fashion.

To register click here.

For more information about the conference and registration for the conference, please visit www.bu.edu/otd/tdrr.

In vitro Production of New Blood

A recent study led by Boston University School of Medicine has demonstrated a novel approach to create an unlimited number of human red blood cells and platelets in vitro. In collaboration with Boston University School of Public Health and Boston Medical Center, the researchers differentiated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into these cell types, typically obtained through blood donations. The finding potentially reduces the need for blood donations and could help researchers examine novel therapeutic targets to treat a variety of diseases.

The study was led by George J. Murphy, PhD, assistant professor of medicine at BUSM and co-director of the Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) at Boston University and BMC and performed in collaboration with David Sherr, PhD, a professor in environmental health at BUSM and BUSPH.

In this study, the iPS cells were obtained from the CReM iPS Cell Bank. The cells were exposed to growth factors in order to coax them to differentiate into red blood cells and platelets using a patented technology. These stem cells were examined in depth to study how blood cells form in order to further the understanding of how this process is regulated in the body.

In their new approach, the team added compounds that modulate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. Previous research has shown this pathway to be involved in the promotion of cancer cell development via its interactions with environmental toxins. In this study, however, the team noted an exponential increase in the production of functional red blood cells and platelets in a short period of time, suggesting that AhR plays an important role in normal blood cell development.

“This finding has enabled us to overcome a major hurdle in terms of being able to produce enough of these cells to have a potential therapeutic impact both in the lab and, down the line, in patients,” said Murphy. “Additionally, our work suggests that AhR has a very important biological function in how blood cells form in the body.”

iPS-derived cells have great potential to lead to a variety of novel treatments for diseases given that they can be used to construct disease models in a lab. The iPS-derived red blood cells could be used by researchers examining malaria and sickle cell anemia while the iPS-derived platelets could be used to explore cardiovascular disease and treatments for blood clotting disorders.

To view an abstract of the study, visit:

http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/early/2013/05/29/blood-2012-11-466722.abstract.

Bihormonal Bionic Pancreas for Managing Blood Glucose

For over a decade, Drs. Edward Damiano (Associate Professor, Biomedical Engineering) and Firas El-Khatib (Senior Research Scientist) at Boston University have been developing a bihormonal bionic pancreas to help patients with type 1 diabetes (and insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes) control their blood glucose levels. The system integrates three components:  a continuous glucose monitor, external infusion pumps to deliver insulin (a blood-sugar lowering hormone) and glucagon (a blood-sugar raising hormone) through the skin, and an adaptive mathematical algorithm that they developed to automatically administer insulin and glucagon doses to regulate the patient’s glucose levels. The group has recently developed a portable prototype of the bionic pancreas, controlled by an iPhone (see diagram below).


The bihormonal bionic pancreas has already undergone four years of feasibility clinical testing at MGH under the clinical guidance of Dr. Steven Russell, an endocrinologist.  The group recently completed the first round of their first outpatient transitional study, called “Beacon Hill Study”. The study aims to test the iPhone-driven bionic pancreas in 20 adults in 5-day long experiments, where subjects are allowed free access to 3 square-miles in downtown Boston around MGH between 7 AM and 11 PM, and sleep in a hotel at night. Volunteers are free to engage in activities of their choice (eat and exercise freely) and are accompanied by a nurse to check their blood glucose every two hours. Volunteers spend another 5 days where they control their glucose.
The research group is about to start another transitional trial this summer at two diabetes camps in central Massachusetts (Camp Joslin and Clara Barton Camp), which will include 32 children, 16 boys and 16 girls. In each camp, 8 of the 16 volunteers will first wear the bionic pancreas continuously for 5 days, and then follow with another 5 days of usual care where they control their glucose, while the other 8 volunteers will simultaneously do the same but in reverse order. For comparison, volunteers will wear the same continuous glucose monitoring system when on the bionic pancreas as well as during usual care.  They will participate in normal camp physical activities and be served typical camp meals during the entire study.
The group plans to follow the camp study with their final transitional study, in which they will enroll hospital staff with type 1 diabetes at four medical facilities, before they move on to their pivotal study in 2015, and submit for FDA for approval of the bionic pancreas in 2016. The group estimates a commercial launch in 2017.
For more information on Boston University’s bihormonal bionic pancreas, you can visit:  http://bionicpancreas.org/

Message from the Managing Director

Dear Reader,

Boston University has several “gap funding” programs managed by OTD. These allow BU research to advance towards commercialization leveraging government sponsored basic research funding. BU has a history of being an innovator in research commercialization. The Community Technology Fund established in 1975 was the first university venture fund. It invested in over 175 companies prior to its closing in 2005. Some of CTF’s investments include A123 Battery, Ensemble Therapeutics, Outstart, and Crossbeam. The uninvested portion of CTF was placed into BU’s endowment and provides about $750K annually for gap funding.

OTD funds BU technologies via two programs: Ignition Awards (see the current winners below) and Launch awards. Launch awards are convertible debt funds to bridge to private capital funding. Launch awards require non-BU matching funds. Launch awardees include Allegro Diagnostics, Intica Biomedical, Noblegen, Predictus and Sample6.

BU also has several externally funded programs: Coulter Biomedical Translation, NIH Center for Translational Science, Fraunhofer Alliance and Pfizer Center for Therapeutic Innovation. OTD either manages or supports all these programs, which account for about an additional $1.5M annually in funding for BU research commercialization.

Government basic research funding is increasingly requiring translational strategies for these technologies. Government funding for SBIR/STTR funding is increasing as are new Proof-of-Concept funding programs. This is a welcome pivot towards near term societal benefits from basic research spending by taxpayers.

Life Science $50,000 Grant Winners

Our 2013 Life Science Awardees were Ulla Hansen, David Harris, Avrum Spira and Marc Lenburg, and Kenneth Walsh. All winners demonstrated potential for developing small and large molecule therapeutics in multiple therapeutic areas.

Ulla Hansen, Professor of Biology, is developing small molecule LSF inhibitors for the treatment of liver cancer. The objective of this proposal was to demonstrate growth arrest of primary liver tumors within an animal model, without toxic side effects. As part of their Ignition proposal, the team will generate systematic toxicology studies of the compounds in rodents, pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses of more soluble compound derivatives, and delineation of key features of the LSF biological pathway in liver cancer cells. Pharmaceutical companies have expressed interest in the small molecules.

David Harris (Professor and Chair in the Department of Biochemistry) and Emiliano Biasini (Instructor in the Department of Biochemistry) work on prion protein ligands as therapeutic agents for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is associated with accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) peptide in the brain, leading to progressive dementia. Compelling evidence suggests that soluble, oligomeric assemblies of Aß are primarily responsible for the synaptic dysfunction underlying cognitive decline in AD. Recently, the cellular form of the prion protein (PrPc), a membrane glycoprotein expressed at the neuronal surface, has been identified as a receptor for Aß oligomers and possibly toxic protein aggregates associated with other neurodegenerative disorders. The research team is developing small-molecule ligands that bind to PrPC and thereby inhibit the interaction with Aß oligomers.  Their Ignition proposal will test whether such compounds are capable of reducing the pathogenic effects of Aß oligomers in transgenic mouse models of AD.

Avrum Spira (Professor of Medicine, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine) and Marc Lenburg (Associate Professor of Medicine in Computational Biomedicine, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine) working together with Post-doctoral scholar Joshua Campbell utilized genome-wide expression profiling to identify therapeutic targets for COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD is a significant public health problem worldwide and the third leading cause of death in the United States. One of the processes that contributes to COPD is emphysema – the destruction of the tissue where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs. In order to gain insights into what drives emphysema, the team identified gene-expression changes in lung tissue from patients with severe emphysema . The team also discovered that GHK was able to reverse these changes and restore tissue and collagen remodeling in human fibroblast cell lines.  Therefore, GHK is proposed as a potential therapeutic for emphysema, and the team is seeking industry partners who are interested in commercial development.

Finally, Kenneth Walsh, from the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, has discovered a novel disease modifying therapy for inflammatory myositis. The laboratory has developed a novel transgenic mouse (MyoMouse) with enhanced muscle function exhibited by increased strength, resistance to diet-inducing obesity, and superior regenerative response to muscle injury. Using this model, the team is isolating factors secreted by muscle that confer the health benefits of exercise.The team has focused on the Insulin-Like 6 protein (Insl6) because it demonstrated unique disease modification in a cardiotoxin-induced model of severe muscle injury. To validate the genetic data and Insl6’s therapeutic potential, the team has collaborated with Lake Pharma, Inc. (Belmont, CA), to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of Insulin-Like 6 protein in the setting of inflammatory muscle injury.

The year brought in a range of fantastic Life Science innovations in devices, diagnostics, and small/large molecules. With funding awarded to this year’s winners, we are excited to see continued advances in their research, development, and commercialization.

High Tech $50,000 Grant Winners

Our 2013 High Tech Awardees were Assaf Kfoury, Douglas Densmore, Ramesh Jasti, and for developing commercial applications in Information Technology, Healthcare IT, and chemistry, respectively.

Douglas Densmore, Assistant Professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department , works on a high throughput, combinatorial, constraint-based DNA cloning software platform called Clotho. One approach in synthetic biology is a combinatorial exploration of biological “Part” composition directed by the satisfaction of constraints on performance and composition. Creating these designs in parallel with automated liquid handling robotics and introducing them into living systems automatically can be called “High Throughput Cloning” (HTC). The Clotho design software has been created for this process and has been demonstrated successfully as a proof-of-concept. This proposal will transition this proof-of-concept software into commercial grade software for multiple, unique, awaiting customers to launch a large-scale commercial enterprise.

Ramesh Jasti, Assistant Professor in the Chemistry Department, has developed a novel method to synthesize cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), which are nanostructures made of carbon. Porous carbon nanotubes have shown great promise as energy storage materials for high performance batteries and as ultracapacitors. In his research, Dr. Jasti has developed the synthesis of the smallest possible slice of a carbon nanotube – termed “carbon nanohoops.” These structures can be prepared with specific diameters and uniformity in high yield and low cost.  Interesting, the 6-CPPs self-assemble in the solid-state into nanotubular materials. This renders them ideal candidates for carbon-based energy storage materials.  Carbon nanohoops have wide ranging applications, including hydrogen storage, CO2 sequestration, light emitting diodes, and nanofiltration. In this proposal, the investigators will develop a “flow” system for the continuous chemical synthesis of cycloparaphenylenes nanohoops.  In addition, they propose to explore the effects that hoop diameter and crystallinity have on charge capacitance, discharge rate, and energy storage.

Assaf Kfoury, Professor in the Computer Science Department, recently supervised the creation of PhD student Mark Reynold’s Software Inspection and Certification Service (SICS). The invention was part of Mark’s doctoral dissertation and he is currently a post-doctoral fellow in the Department of Computer Science. SICS is an entirely novel method for discovering malware in software applications and web pages. Malicious software on the Internet continues to be a pervasive and vexing problem. Among the most serious type of threats are the so-called “zero-day” exploits, so named because they have never been seen before. Antivirus (AV) and Intrusion Preventions Systems (IPS) do a very good job at recognizing known threats, but they do significantly worse when confronted with malware based on a zero-day. Zero-day exploits can hide for months or even years before they are detected, and account for billions of dollars in damage each year. The SICS method is a completely new approach to address the threat of zero-day exploits. SICS has been demonstrated to do extremely well at detecting zero-days, to have a zero positive rate, and a false negative rate that can be tuned to be as small as desired. Funding from this grant will be used to extend the existing SICS implement (Java and Flash) to the Android platform, as well as building out the necessary infrastructure to support the service.

The winners brought in a range of fantastic High tech innovations in Healthcare I.T., chemistry, and Information Technology. The funding granted this year will help these innovators reach their goals, and we eagerly await their success.

Tech, Drugs, and Rock n’ Roll Unplugged

The Office of Technology Development is always working on creative ways to connect our research faculty with entrepreneurs and industry representatives. On February 28, Hiebert Lounge at BU Medical Campus played host to the second annual “Tech, Drugs, and Rock n’ Roll Unplugged” for over 100 attendees. The event was organized by BU’s Office of Technology Development in a joint collaboration with the Evans Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research. The occasion was designed as a networking and informational event to recognize the valuable contribution of BU’s innovative and entrepreneurial faculty.

A panel discussion on “New Funding Models for Therapeutic and Technology Development” was moderated by Ken Rhodes, Vice President of Neurology Discovery at Biogen Idec.  A distinguished panel of speakers was assembled from Boston University, Cure Alzheimer’s Fund, Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Broadview Ventures Inc, and Jubilant Life Sciences. In addition, TDRR unplugged also featured various programs supported by The Office of Technology Development, The Evan’s Center Affinity Research Collaboratives, The Clinical and Translational Science Institute, The Coulter Translational Partnership in Biomedical Engineering, and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanobiotechnology.

Boston University’s very own co-ed a cappella group, The Treblemakers, brought in a range of entertainment for the evening. Their one-hour set performance from 4:30 to 5:30 included the songs “Cry Me a River” by Justin Timberlake, “Never Let Me Go” by Florence and The Machine, “Eet” by Regina Spektor, and “Bills Bills Bills” by Destiny’s Child to name just a few. Refreshments and hors d’oeuvres from Catering on the Charles, and entertainment from the Treblemakers stimulated the audience into networking with fellow Boston University faculty and members of the local entrepreneurial ecosystem.

Our “Tech, Drugs, and Rock n’ Roll Unplugged” event was a great showcase of what is to come this summer, July 16th, in our larger-scale “TDRR” event. We hope to intertwine the same themes of networking and enjoyment this summer with our fourth annual run of “Tech, Drugs, and Rock n’ Roll.” For more information about this summer’s event, please feel free to check out our website at www.bu.edu/otd/news/tdrr

Message from the Managing Director

Dear Reader,

Boston University has emerged as a significant research university in the past decade. We only began to offer PhDs in Engineering in 1991 and in 2001 our sponsored research revenues was about $200 million. This has almost doubled in the past decade. In the past two years our sponsored research funding from the federal government has been primarily from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institute of Health (NIH):

Boston Medical Center NIH Funding:

BMC: For Projects Initiated in 2011: $38,599,125

BMC: For Projects Initiated in 2012: $38,013,187

Total NSF and NIH Funding:

For Projects Initiated in 2011: $232,590,578

For Projects Initiated in 2012: $231,693,229

Total NSF and NIH Funding Last Two Years: $464,283,877

In addition to NSF and NIH, BU does receive funding from other federal government agencies and from industry. The following shows overall sponsored research at BU.

 

Acpharis speeds drug discovery with in-silico protein interaction tools

Over the past decade, systems biologists have mapped large networks of protein interactions related to various diseased states, providing many potential new drug targets for the pharmaceutical industry. These targets are dissimilar to traditional drug targets, generally lacking natural small molecule ligands and being physically flatter than the cavities used by many drugs; presenting a challenge to those trying to take advantage of this new fountain of knowledge. Assessing the “drugability” of a novel target can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars and take several years. To make this process more efficient, Boston University Biomedical Engineering Professor Sandor Vajda developed FTMap, a computational solvent mapping program that can rapidly assess the drugability of a protein.

Since systems biology has shown that many diseases can be treated at numerous levels in the protein interaction network, rapidly understanding the drugability of a large number of proteins can prioritize drug development or provide novel entry points for coexisting with products already on the market. For instance, high blood pressure has long been treated by ACE inhibitors, which block the production of angiotensin II from angiotensin I. Recently, Aliskiren came to market which works further upstream by inhibiting renin’s production of angiotensin I. With its separate target, Aliskiren can be used in conjunction with the well-established ACE inhibitors to better manage hypertension, providing the unique opportunity to not just compete with existing hypertension treatments, but to complement them in this large market. With FTMap, pharmaceutical companies can more efficiently discover such novel and effective drugs.

Boston University is in the process of licensing FTMap to Acpharis, a start-up founded by Prof. Vajda and led by his former graduate student David Hall. Acpharis previously licensed PIPER, also developed by Prof. Vajda’s lab, for the computational prediction of how two proteins interact. FTMap and PIPER give Acpharis state of the art methods for both understanding how two proteins interact and understanding the possibilities for blocking that interaction to treat a given disease. Prof. Vajda’s first BU spin-out, SolMap Pharmaceuticals, was acquired by Mercury Computer Systems in 2006.

Acpharis is selling products and services based on its novel technology to help make the pharmaceutical drug discovery process more efficient and less costly. For more information on Acpharis, please visit http://acpharis.com/.