Using Data to Evaluate Job Applicants

Big data is everywhere. I am not exactly sure what it is, but I read about it constantly. And it seems that there are a lot of job opportunities in data, so you should probably pay attention. I won’t be looking for a job with a data company any time soon, but I am often the target of big data, constantly receiving marketing materials targeted toward me because of my buying habits. Check out this fascinating article about how one of my favorite stores, Target, uses data in a way that may walk a fine line of ethics.

Now we are seeing a new use of data in hiring. Companies are increasingly subjecting job applicants to online tests. If they are able to collect enough data from these tests, the employers can supposedly asses whether the candidate has the qualities required for the job.  Want to be a cashier at a grocery store? We will test you for your friendliness. We are not talking about testing for particular skills, but for your personality. As this article discusses, the problem is that anytime you use what is essentially a standardized test, you run the risk of discriminating on the basis of race or gender.

At the risk of sounding 100 years old, whatever happened to just interviewing a job candidate? I am pretty sure that after ten minutes of face time I can tell whether someone is friendly enough to check you out at the grocery store. What do you think? Should we use testing to evaluate job applicants’ personal qualities?

10 Questions You Should Never Ask Your Professor

By this point in the semester, I am getting a little loopy. I have too many papers to read, time in running short to cover everything I want to cover in class, and as I drive home in the pitch black darkness (at 4pm) I develop Christmas-light anxiety. As in, why does everyone else have their house decorated for the holidays already?

I sense I am not alone in being a little loopy. All my students have deadlines, exams, papers and projects, but at the same time they are making plans for winter break and dreaming of sleeping until noon in their childhood bedrooms.

We are all tired. Which is why I thought it might be a good time to pass along this brilliant article I read that lists 10 Questions You Should Never Ask Your Professor. I am fairly certain I can add a few, and probably get this list up to about 15. The point is, I get it. We are tired, we are stressed, we are worried about the outcome of our class. I feel the same way. So this is a gentle, and somewhat tongue-in-cheek, reminder to keep your wits and common sense about you. That, and a good sense of humor, will help us all get through the next few weeks.

“Conspiracy of Silence”

I started my LA346 class this semester with a discussion of the Penn State scandal, and the civil litigation that has followed. I find it hard to talk about Sandusky and what happened at Penn State without getting emotional, and I try really hard to keep my views out of the discussion (often unsuccessfully). But I felt it was an important discussion to have because the conduct of those surrounding Sandusky at Penn State is a perfect illustration of the pitfalls we face every day in trying to act in a way that is ethical and legal. These smart people, with long, successful careers in academia, business and athletics, were so blinded by the pitfalls of a successful university and football program that they knowingly allowed Sandusky to continue to victimize children, and worse, hid the allegations against him.

Sandusky is a disgusting evil human being, as far as I can tell from what I read. This is not interesting to me in the least. What is interesting is how the former president of Penn State, the former Athletic Director, and other leaders, could engage in what the prosecutors are calling a "conspiracy of silence" to hide what Sandusky was doing. We can all say we would report it right away, but would we? What if it would bring down the entire football program? And lots of deserving athletes that you knew personally would lose their scholarships? And you had known Sandusky for many years, and he was a colleague you worked side-by-side with? What if you could rationalize your silence by all the wonderful things your university and its football team does for the students, alumni, and community in the small town in which it resides?

Suddenly it gets harder, doesn't it?

The law is another story. The prosecutors have built a strong case, as outlined in this article announcing the charges brought against these leaders. We should all pay close attention to this case, because this is the conduct that I believe we can stop. We can't stop the Sandusky's of the world. There will be bad people. But the good people need to learn to speak up, and know turn a blind eye to the bad people.

Non Competition Agreements and the “Purge” at Apple

Last night my husband was telling me about the "purge" at Apple, where the company had fired several key employees that had close ties to Steve Jobs. This story is fascinating in all sorts of ways, because it raises questions about new CEO Tim Cook's leadership, perhaps his efforts to move the company away from just being about Steve Jobs, and how Apple deals with its mistakes. Interestingly, rather than completely getting rid of Scott Forstall, the executive that refused to sign a letter of apology to customers regarding the map application that failed on the new iPhone, he is being kept on for a year as a "consultant."  Why would the CEO keep around someone that he dislikes enough to fire?

The answer comes from the law. In California, non-competition agreements are not enforced. We will discuss these contracts next week, but basically they are agreements between an employee and employer whereby the employee promises not to work for a competitor for some set time after leaving. Although these have all the required elements of a binding contract, for policy reasons many courts have decided not to enforce them, or to enforce them only in limited circumstances. In California, the courts refuse to enforce these contracts, so employers and employees know that once the employee leaves (whether fired or quitting), the employee can start to compete with the former employer right away. Many analysts have cited Massachusetts's strict enforcement of these contracts as a reason why our high tech industry hasn't grown as fast as California's high tech industry; freedom to hop around from company to company stirs innovation and growth. Here we see the flip side: Apple has to pay to keep Forstall on as a consultant to prevent him from running out the door and competing.

What do you think? Are non competition agreements good for business, or bad?

The Real reason you didn’t get in.

As we discussed today, although many blame affirmative action's racial preferences for their failure to get into their first choice college, the reality is far from that. Indeed, preferences based on athletics, donors, alumni connections, and geographical diversity (my husband always credits his Wisconsin upbringing for getting into Duke) are much more relevant than race. Here is an interesting article discussing these influences in university admissions.

More fun with the First Amendment.

Just when you thought Constitutional Law couldn't get more interesting, Mayor Menino, the Mayor of Boston, brings us a case that tops even the Bachelor's First Amendment rights. Trojan, the condom company, has proposed a giveaway of vibrating sex toys on the plaza at Government Center (remember that vast concrete wasteland on your way to the courthouse?). The Mayor thought that giving away sex toys would take away from the "family atmosphere" and wrote a nasty letter to Trojan's marketing company asking them to refrain. The problem? Government Center is a public place, so Trojan probably has a First Amendment right to be there.

Ethical Questions College Students Face

A colleague sent me this article that addresses the top ethical dilemmas most college students face. Take some time to think about each question. For my LA346 students, apply your life principles to these questions, and see where you land. Just thinking about these questions ahead of time will help all of us avoid pitfalls that lead us to making decisions that conflict with our values.

What we really should do is create a list of top ethical questions every employee will face. Aha! A new assignment.

A Diverse Classroom

This week the Supreme Court hears argument on a case that will surely impact my children, and all those applying to state universities in the future. In Fisher v. U. of Texas, a young woman from Texas sued the university for its use of race in admissions. She gave her first interview recently, and it gave a very interesting human perspective to this constitutional issue. I see both sides of this issue, and haven't really decided whether I think race should be considered. As of now, it is constitutional to consider race as one factor in a holistic review of an applicant. But is it ethical? On one hand, several racial minorities in this country have suffered from discrimination and segregation historically, and may still be recovering. Racial minorities are also more likely to be poor and go to bad high schools. Thus, a boost in admissions seems fair in leveling the playing field. I wish we leveled the playing field in kindergarten instead, but that is a broader social issue that takes much more work. Affirmative action at the university level is really a short cut.

On the other hand, affirmative action creates a stigma, as assumption that racial minorities are only admitted because of their race, that is extremely harmful and painful to watch (I have seen it in my own classes). And it can set students up for failure, by placing them in unfamiliar situations with people that are nothing like them. Good support systems are crucial to success.

Read the interview and let me know what you think.

Better late than never

I probably should have posted this before my students had a paper due, but they all have more to come. I actually was saving this article, and reminded of it as I read yet another paper that talked about a "trail" instead of a "trial." Sigh Sigh Sigh. According to this article, I am not alone.

People, spell check isn't enough.

For those students studying for the LSAT exam.

I wanted to share this article sent to me by a current student about how studying for the LSAT makes you smarter. I am pretty sure that any intellectual boost I obtained from studying for the LSAT many years ago has worn off by now, but this is good news for those of you studying this week.